Business and Society Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Business and Society - Case Study ExampleClean weewee show supply is yet a significant problem, in India and globally, and has been the center of focus for such organizations as the coupled Nations with such goals as reducing the circumstances of people who cannot access sustainable clean water supply to 50 percent by the year 2015. Threat to this sustaunfitness is significant as initiated water projects stall amid locals inability to assume responsibility over the projects but clean water supply remains a wellness and economic necessity. Commercial players have moved in to supply clean water in India time other socially responsible companies seek non-commercial solutions. Social responsibility that incorporate profit lie and non-profit oriented objective promises a solution and tops Byrrajus current considerations. The foundations SWEET water project begun in 2004 and charges consumers little fee that is used for operations and maintenance. Many of the target customers are ho wever not willing to pay the price despite affordability and their concerns include taste of the project water and gustatory perception for other needs. Establishing the water project requires collaboration between the community, contributing 75 percent of construction constitute after application, and Byrraju foundation contributing through loaning. The community then runs the project put pays a percentage of revenues to the foundation for the advanced loan and maintenance. The current situation however challenges feasibility of the project prompting selection measures that Hari is considering such as raising prices, selling the project, market expansion, grant application, and

Create a 2015 campaign for Turkish Airlines in Chinese Market Coursework

Create a 2015 campaign for Turkish Airlines in Chinese Market - Coursework Exampleestablish an effective marketing pleat and the promotional mix the company needs to establish an effective and efficient market communication outline (Kola & Akinyele, 2010). Communication is very important for building a sound relationship between the organization and its stakeholders. market communication is considered as a strategic tools and tactics, to get the desired marketing feedback. These strategies support the company to commit the target markets for further expansion of the business to gain market sh are and high profitability. There are several marketers derive benefits by applying the marketing communication mix. Moreover, marketers will be benefited by the application and bankers acceptance of marketing communication, which will be helpful to understand about their competitors (Fill & Jamieson, 2006). In this paper, the objective is to frame a campaign regarding the establishment of Turkish airlines in the Chinese market with the help of marketing communication plans.The Turkish Airliners is one of the renowned airlines of Europe. Most of the times, the Turkish Airlines is known as a Flag Carrier Airlines. The drumhead quarter of the Turkish Airlines is in Istanbul. It was founded in the year 1933 in Turkey. The main aim of the company is to come through cargo services to its customers in the domestic help and international base. It provides services in about 41 and 206 domestic and international airports respectively. It is considered worlds fourth largest carrier airlines in terms of serving about 247 destinations to its customers (Turkish Airlines, 2012). As per the ranking is concerned in the year 2014 it is 5th in the airline industry (Skytrax, 2014). Now, the Turkish Airlines is onerous to establish its business in the market of China. However, the Turkish airlines are one of the famous airlines of Europe except it did not get the much success in cap turing the Chinese market (1Turkish Airlines, 2012).The objective of the study is to jut out that an effective

Research report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Research report - sample Exampleversal view of their connection list that argon constructed in the system. Information and technology bequeath the lay society with numerous interactive segments with the help of internet and gadgets of communication. Numerous interactive segments are provided by the favorable meshwork sites depending on the motives of their founders. There are for example business, academics, sports, political, neighborly, religion, and romantic platforms. It can be said that these sites are in position to entertain, inform, educate, and to create very strong feelings on their followers.Ever since they started, neighborly sites such as twitter, Skype, MySpace, and Facebooks, among others have reportedly become attention-grabbers for majority of those who use them as they have taken them as bit and parcel of their day to day routine (Pedrycz, W., & Chen, S.-M. 2014). Presently there are numerous sites with varying features gear to suit their followers interests, and can be accessed through gadgets that have internet access.Basically social network sites are online services or platforms that aim at reflecting and building peoples relationship socially those for instance that have or share common activities and interests. The fame of social network sites increases as each stand by unfolds. They have become important tool of communication to their users and because of this trend learning institutions are now increase using them to interact with learners as well as member of the teaching staff. Because of their continued use of social network sites drastic steps are being outlined by institutions to enlighten their students on social network sites usage and most so psychological dangers, legal issues, socio-economic and privacy issues. It also encourages students to live together and in harmony, bringing workload and additional responsibility, and collaborating and sharing which may appear to be forced and stalwart to some students (Naidu, 2005).In his studies, Gross

Analysis of The Allegory of the Cave Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analysis of The Allegory of the Cave - Essay fountGlubes analysis will be considered.The cave is incredibly dark since there is no tolerable light inside it, making difficult, even for the inhabitants to see objects. Inside the cave, there are chained commonwealth on their feet and necks making it difficult to move. Equally, there is another world just out of the cave, which is separated by a wall. Numerous muckle walk on this wall causing reflection of the shadows into the cave, which the prisoners perceive as real. However, in actual sense, this is just an illusion. This scenario contrasts sharply with the satellite world, which is characterized by light and visibility of everything (Grube, 112). This makes a prisoner released from the cave to dazzle in the light, however as he stays longer, he is acclimatized. He expresses philanthropy to the prisoners in the darkness. He sees it better for one to be a prisoner in the other outer world.As a point of departure, the Allegory o f the cave represents a dialogue between the protagonist Socrates and Glaucon, the interlocutor. The people in the cave are seen bound by chains and believing that the reality lies in the shadows of the artifacts. It is improbable how these people manage a life moderate in darkness, because the fire represented is behind them. This is a metaphorical application, which gives a picture of their state while in the cave. Their senses are bound and they are confined to their sense of ignorance, which makes Socrates to wonder how these people will respond if they were released from their bondage and cured of their ignorance (Grube 187). Socrates believes that there is a gap that, the prisoners will be confused to differentiate between the real artifact and its shadow.Accordingly, Grube notes that the primary intention of reading as articulated by Plato is not to impart knowledge but to change the behavior and

COMMENTING ON AN EVENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

COMMENTING ON AN EVENT - Essay ExampleFor example, when the San Francisco Healthy Food Incentive polity banned free toys to the customers on the purchase of Happy Meals, McDonalds started to offer the toys with Happy Meals for an extra 10 cents only so that it adheres to the new law without having its sales impacted much by it. Summaries of Articles In the obligate The Ban Too Far published in The New York Times on 31 may 2012, the author has generally appreciated Bloombergs role in improving the health of the residents of the New York City, alone does not approve of his recent attempt to ban the drinks sized over 16 ounces. The author has cited examples of some(prenominal) ways in which Bloomberg has helped the community e.g. the ban on smoking and trans fat in a big bucks of institutions, but as the name of the article suggests, the author considers the ban an unnecessarily strong action. The author believes that sooner of placing such bans on the sizes of drinks or eatables , the administration should direct its attention towards educating the community and providing them with healthier alternatives without restricting their vex to the high-calorie food. According to the author, making tough campaigns and launching exercise programs are also recommendable, but banning something irritates the passel. In the article Evolutions Sweet Tooth published in The New York Times on 5 June 2012, the author Daniel E. Lieberman says that the libertarian objections to Bloombergs ban on the sale of drinks sized above 16 ounces the most evident amongst others, that speculates that this ban will be succeeded by bans on the quantities of other kinds of junk foods. Declaring obesity as a biological problem, Lieberman thinks that Bloombergs decision is reasonable since such a coercive action is the need of the hour. Lieberman has wasted evidence in his support for Bloomberg from the way human ingest habits have been modified by versatile external factors like advanc ement of technology. Scarcity of food sustained over millions of years in the preceding(a) maintained a balance between the cravings for sugar and the human digestive systems. It is beyond the control of umteen to limit the intake of sugar since the craving for this once-limited-resource is simple tremendous in the present age when it is in abundance. Lieberman puts forth three basic options to deal with this issue. The first option is the discovery of cures for the diseases caused by obesity for which people might have to wait too long while being affected by the diseases. The back and the more popular option is the enhancement of public fosterage about food and healthy eating habits, but this has not proven very effective so far. The third option requires restoration of diets to the inborn state with the help of regulations as the times have changed and so has the human lifestyle. Imposing ban on large portions of drinks is just as sensible as banning cigarettes in schools or limiting the approach shot of children to alcohol. Bans are the ultimate solution as schools have proven ineffective in delivering physical education in the past. Along with imposing such bans, the food industry should honestly

INFORMATION SYSTEMS PROPOSAL Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

INFORMATION SYSTEMS PROPOSAL - Assignment ExampleThis helps to ascertain that orders from customers are hence met in due period, and that the shareholders and the suppliers are settled and hence can make their payments by following proper procedures. Hence, the transaction-processing arena has now grown and become a very important vista of better commercial watchfulness.The term enterprise resource planning also summarised as ERP, is that process or aspect which tries to merge all of a firms de disseverments, objectives and the various functions, into one existing electronic computer system. This also services every departments requirements by virtue of being specific. It merges by convey together persons, software and the crucial hardware, into an effective service and an efficient delivery and production system. This hence generates receipts for the firm (Peter, 1992). Even though this idea has the ease to be explained theoretically, its truth has been of a varied personality . nearly firms do conglomerate varied systems and processes for meeting their own requirements.Office automation system does refer to the varied machinery of a computer and its software that is utilised to make, make a collection, store, carry out manipulation of data, and last convey office information required for the purpose of finishing tasks and objectives that are of a basic nature (Peter, 1992). For example, storing data in raw form, transferring electronically, and the prior managing of e-commerce information, does constitute the activities that relates to office automation systemThe term management information systems, is a set of commands and procedures that carries out the function of collecting, processing, storing and conveying the vital information to the support part of decision making and the control system. Mostly, information systems do appear to be of a formal nature that is only involved in playing the integral task in firms. Although these systems are

Why was World War I and its aftermath considered to be the major Essay

Why was World War I and its aftermath considered to be the major turning point in diaphragm eastwardern affairs and the main determinant of the political situation there today - Essay ExampleThe defeat of the German meant their initial territories were to be taken over by the British, French and their allies.The Middle East was previously under the ottoman rule. The region was cozy up regarded as a German stronghold. The Sykes-picot treaty re shape the Middle East (Kamrava, 2005). This gave way for the change of guard and the domination of the French and British. The Middle East was partitioned into spheres as a means of sharing the countries between the two European powerhouses (Ulrichsen, 2014). The New League Nation placed a compulsory rule and the French took over Syria and Lebanon musical composition the British took over the remaining territory. The continuous stay of the European rule led to revolutions. The region was rubbish for self-rule and governance. The resistant nature of the natives created a tense moment between the European nations and the Middle East nation was the beginning of political hostility.The region has played host to a number of political conflicts. The friction between the two regions has created interested from the east. The European nations on one side fought for the status quo while the Middle East fought for self-governance. The availability of oil and other natural resources created interest from countries as far as the regular army (Ulrichsen, 2014). The region has remained a center of conflict between the west and the natives. High political hostility has shaped the modern day middle

History of Shell Energy and Oil Company Term Paper

History of Shell pushing and Oil Company - Term Paper ExampleThe conjunction has a diverse work military posture employing local anaesthetics in the countries where its branches are situated. The social club has invested heavily on exploration, production and marketing of petroleum products in the local and international market. In America, the company is considered a market leader in the sale of petroleum products. This is attributed to the sixth sense of the brand with most of the gas stations in the country bearing the companys logotype (Kochan, Nick, and Goodyear 35).The management of the company over the years has changed the way the company operates. From its formation, the company has used mergers and acquisitions to expand its operations. Its fusion with major oil producers in Saudi Arabia has en equald the company to maintain a stable source of stinging material for its products. The company has also collaborated with established brands in the market to ensure that market penetration is facilitated. The company history traces the origin of the company in the year 1833. Marcus Samuel who sold antiques and oriental shells expanded his small transaction into London. As the business expanded, he ventured into fashion and interior design. He imported his shells from the Far East, which laid the insane asylum needed for a successful business (Kochan, Nick, and Goodyear 214). ... The business in which the company undertakes is divided into three offices. The upriver section deals with exploration, extraction and manufacturing. The company is responsible for oil exploration in major oil producing nations. The company enters into a contract with the nations to charge a fee for exploration process. The company also obtains rights to drill in the nations where the natural gas deposits are found. Oil from the wells is processed in plants owned by the nation. through with(predicate) the upstream section of the company, Shell is able to provide employm ent to people in foreign nations and so improving the GDP of the country. The company also provides quality products in the competitive energy business. The customers are able to choose from a wide selection of products. Upstream international covers major oil producing areas including Africa, Asia Russia and Europe. Shell is pull to ensuring that the methods of exploration, extraction and manufacturing used preserve the environment (Mallin 217). The downstream section of the company deals with marketing of the products owned by the company. The company has penetrated globally to ensure that its products are available to customers. The company uses a mix of marketing strategies to go on customers to use products from the company. The company has been in the market for a long time thus the brand take Shell is strong. The company advertises its brand using all the media available to increase revenue generated. The downstream section of the business is responsible for revenue gener ation to the organization. The section also funds the major activities undertaken in the company. Projects and engine room is one of the advances sections in the company that uses most of the

MULTINATIONAL CORP-EVOL & CUR ISSUE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

MULTINATIONAL CORP-EVOL & CUR ISSUE - Essay Example(GOOG), Amazon (AMZN) and PowerShares QQQ Trust serial 1 (QQQ). This report entails a transaction involving 500 quantities of Google shares, 10000 quantity of Amazon and 1,000 quantity of PowerShares Trust Series 1.Google Inc. is a global technology company that mainly focuses on areas such as advertising, operating systems and platforms, first step and hardware products. Its main source of revenue is online advertisement.By the close of clientele on April 06, 2014 35959 PM, 500 shares of Google Inc. were selling at $545.25. This resulted to an amount of 573,000. The buying price of Google Inc. equity was $545 at a currency/exchange of USD/1.00. It is worth noting that price paid is quoted in the currency of the security exchange firearm the buying powers change and transaction amount are quoted in the currency of the portfolio. As per the start of the business day 7th April 2014, the share price for Google Inc. stood at $539.31 representing a price change of $-5.94 (-1.09%). At the certain market price, buying 500 shares of Google Inc. will greet me 272,500. Selling the same quantity will stick out me a reward of 273,135 hence making a profit equivalent to $635. The profitability nature of the Googles shares make motivated me to buy the portfolio.Amazon.com serves consumers by its retail websites and focus on selection, price, and convenience. It offers programs that enable sellers to sell their products through the companys websites. Amazon offers its customers the lowest prices daily product pricing and shipping offers. The last buying price for Amazon.com is $320.22 as opposed to the current price of $320.52. The 52-week high is $408.06 while the 52-week low is $245.75. Going by the previous price, the estimated cost for 10,000 shares will be $ 3,203,310.00. The last selling of Amazon stock is $320.68 representing 187,268 volumes. Considering this selling price, the estimated cost stands at 3,197,0 90.00. This represents an income gain

Atlantic Diving Supply, Inc. v. Bancroft Global Development Case Study

Atlantic Diving Supply, Inc. v. Bancroft Global Development - Case Study manikinA lawsuit was filed by ADS in Virginia Beach Circuit Court in February of 2011. ADS alleged that Bancroft had uniform and accepted the boots along with new(prenominal) point of intersections such as battle-dress uniforms, pistol belts and field jackets but only had salaried for half of it. Bancroft is accused of breach of contract and conversion. ADS argued that Bancroft held on to the goods that it had actually rejected and hence demanded $1 million. A statement by ADSs attorney said that Bancroft owed ADS money and hence they are suing it (WTOP, 2012). Bancroft on the other hand countersued ADS for $1.1 million. It accused ADS of breach of contract and fraud. Bancroft argued that the boots supplied were of poor feature and fake military boots. The boots were not think for military use as they were designed to be costume boots. The quality of the boots is said to be so poor that it would not even serve the purpose of daily regular use, let alone military use (WTOP, 2012).The main reason for the disagreement is that the boots were of poor quality and wore out on just a few uses. Bancroft says that it relied on ADS to provide boots that were of military specification. Even though this was not mentioned in the purchase drift, the specifications of the increase needed were mentioned in the purchase order by DynCorp which was forwarded to ADS. Hence Bancroft argues that as ADS was aware of the military specifications of the product and still provided with low quality products. in that respectfore it has indulged in fraud and breach of contract. Bancroft had arranged for the delivery to be picked up by a third party and bugger off it delivered to Uganda. There were no inspection checks do and it is only after the problems surfaced, that an official inspection was conducted and the boots officially rejected (McCabe, 2012). ADS has argued against the above allegation by maxim that the products were selected based on the price quote by Bancroft. There are no military boots procurable in their price range. It also argued that all military specification was carefully removed from the purchase order by Bancroft in order to save money. They argued that Bancroft wanted to the cheapest products at the earliest and they were delivered what they asked for. ADS also blame Bancroft of fetching too much time in rejecting the goods. It argues that if the products were detective, then should have been immediately rejected (McCabe, 2012). Judgement has not been reached yet and evidences have been submitted by both parties to prove their claims. Risk Management by both Organizations There are various risk management steps that could have been taken by both organizations to avoid. initiative and foremost, each organization should have added an delivered condition in the contract that would ensure that their interests are served. An express condition would explicitly set forth the terms and conditions of the deal (Salzedy & Brunner, 1999). Bancroft should have added a condition in the agreement to meet the specific quality requirements which would mean that the ADS would have been under the obligation to meet the quality requirements, in this case military specifications. ADS on its part could have added a condition to have the honorarium made within a specified time length or added a condition would have required Bancroft to reject the products within a time period

Mutual Exclusiveness of Generic Strategies Essay

plebeian Exclusiveness of Generic Strategies - Essay ExampleThus, a firm that seeks woo leadership must search all avenues that will guarantee its cost advantage in the industry. For a firm to achieve preeminence advantage over its competitors, it must come up with the necessary measures to produce a unique function or product that is valued by the customers to the extent of foregoing a relatively cheaper service or product offered by the firms competitors to buy from the firm at a blueer harm (Dahlen, 2006). Therefore, cost leadership and diametricaliation strategies define deuce fundamentally different come ones to business strategy granted that a firm competing on low cost is discernible from that competing through differentiation evident from their different organizational characteristics, market poisoning, capabilities and resources (Grant, 2010). Michael Porter pooled differentiation and cost leadership with the firms choice of mountain range to constitute the gene ric wine strategies that a firm can use to achieve high profit margins. correspond to Porter, cost leadership and differentiation are mutually scoopful strategies to the extent that firms that endeavor to practice both strategies are stuck in the middle. Further, Porter defines a firm that is stuck in the middle as one with a guaranteed low profitability since it losses the high volume customers who demand low prices or has lowered its acquire so that it can attract customers from those firms offering lower prices. The firm that is stuck in the middle loses its high-end customers who have high margin targets in their mind or have generally achieved differentiation. Such a firm would as well as lack a well-defined corporate culture in addition to having an incompatible set... This essay has looked at what is covered under cost leadership and differentiation as the two most important components of generic strategies. The following parts of the essay have looked at why it is possibl e for firms to implement both cost leadership and deferential generic strategies successfully. The paper has highlighted as a case example the strategic approach employed by Toyota which is an industry leader in automobile industry as a study example of how combining the two strategies is possible. The changes in market environment in areas like demand and supply calls for firms that need to keep up with modern trends to diversify their strategic approaches. Evidence from contingency approach to kind-hearted resource management has been presented to oppose the mutual exclusive view of generic strategies. This paper makes a finale that the fear that firms employing both strategies simultaneously run the risk of being stuck in the middle, not knowing which of the two to concentrate on, has also been dispelled. Last part has presented a brief analysis detailing why the concepts as detailed by Porter needs further scrutiny. This analysis assists in place Porters ideas in the consid eration of practical business environment as opposed to the theoretical framework under which Porter postulated the two strategies. Therefore, this essay has succeeded in proving that Cost leadership and differentiation generic strategies are not mutually exclusive but are approaches that business organizations can take advantage of to achieve greater margins in ground of their profits.

Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 18

Business Ethics - judge ExampleBusiness is a system of moral doctrines applied in the commercial world. Business morals is a whole new scientific area since it merges politics and law theory as a great deal as historical documents and philosophical. Ethics becomes a term rely on flexible and have several(prenominal) different aspects. It gives rules for acceptable behavior by business in both their day-to-day operations and schema formulation (Shaw, 2008). An genuine approach is becoming essential both for business success and a cocksure corporate image, and this is easily enhanced through various Judeo-Christian values and biblical doctrines. Especially nowadays ethics in the organization are obligated since many businessmen are only fascinated in making money despite the harm they would probably cause to people, the ethical costs environmental pollution. Many businesses in contemporary society are making public commitment and pledge to ethical business by designing codes of conduct and operating standards the truth is Judeo-Christian values and biblical doctrines should be their main basis.Judeo-Christian values and biblical doctrines incorporate the vulgar ethical guidelines of Christianity and Judaism, such as the go Commandments. It has been an essential part of U.S civil religion and is often utilize to enhance inter-religious cooperation and basis for business ideologies. It covers the common ethical standards of Judaism and Christianity, such as the Ten Commandments. It has been a segment of American civil religion and is used to promote inter-religious cooperation (Shaw, 2008).Judeo-Christian values and biblical doctrines emphatically teach in clarity the great importance of the preservation of human life and respect. This should form the basis of the business ethics and can help foster good relation. If business does not grant this respect and protection for the born and unborn in their operations consequently

M5A2 - Leadership and Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

M5A2 - Leadership and Ethics - see ExampleAdditionally, Clarkes roles throughout his career reflect that he had a strong tendency for counsel rather than as a technical person. Clarke shifted from commercial and marketing positions to the head of stores which had little relevance to his preceding positions. Similarly, he later move from Supply Chain Director to IT Director. Both positions have little in common so it could be surmised that Clarke is more of a manager than a technical person who would be restricted to one field of expertise in TESCO. Moreover, it must also be related that Clarke has been moved around the world when TESCO required solutions to grave problems so Clarke can be seen as an adept manager, in particular under pressure. Clarkes role as a attracter is confirmed most after talk of the town to his subordinates. All of the people interviewed, at TESCO, viewed Clarke as an able leader much(prenominal) that they looked up to his example. Moreover, Clarke can be seen as a direction setter for TESCO given that TESCO has switched gears after Clarke took over as Group read/write head Executive. 2. Describe the ethical model or framework used by the person to make ethical conclusionsinclude the positives and negatives of your chosen leaders ethical model. Clarke can be seen as using a managerial gridiron leadership model for taking ethical conclusions. The use of the managerial grid leadership model is augment by the situational theory of leadership where the leader evaluates a situation in order to provide the decision (McKee & Carlson, 1999). The managerial grid model provides for two major constraints that the leader must consider labour mirth and productivity. In addition to these major constraints, the leader may also be considering other smaller constraints much(prenominal) as public image, accountability, legal implications etc. The leader utilising the managerial grid model for ethical decision making tends to evaluate the p rovided situation in terms of the constraints in the situation (Griffin & Ebert, 2010). The primary aim of the leader is to optimise all available constraints in respect to each other such that no remaining constraint overrides any other constraint. It must be kept in mind that labour mirth and productivity will operate as primary constraints while other constraints play secondary and third roles whole. This particular model of ethical decision making is restricted to Philip Clarke, Group Chief Executive for TESCO only since other managerial grid leadership models would have personalised primary, secondary and tertiary constraints being considered. The managerial grid leadership model for ethical decision making has the distinct advantage of optimising organisational aims and objectives achievement. This takes place as the ethical decision making process optimises inputs for Theory Y under which labour satisfaction is maximised in order to maximise productivity (Griffin & Ebert, 2010). Essentially, as labour satisfaction increases, the achievement of organisational aims and objectives becomes easier and simpler but it remains to be seen what direction organisational aims and objectives lie in. Given the nature of economic enterprises, it is common to find productivity at the blow over of the organisational aims and objectives list but other secondary and tertiary factors may also be available such as safety, ethical practices, corporate social responsibility etc. (Ray,

The 'Colored Revolutions' of Eastern Europe During the 2000s Essay

The Colored Revolutions of Eastern Europe During the 2000s - Essay ExampleIt is certainly alluring to see the segmentation of the Soviet territory as the segment of a universal disintegration of autocracies. This opinion surely discriminative how the democratic changeover in Eastern and Central Europe has been observed in the West (as the terminal of history) as well as by some of its characters. Ten years after, nonetheless, even with far-flung western exertions at democracy advancement, the democratic current has rather withdrawn, leaving a depiction of accomplishments in Central Europe (along within Latin America and fragments of Asia) counterbalance by hindrances in the earlier Soviet Union and the Balkans (but similarly in China and most of Africa) (Jacques, 2000). The examination of the consequences of domestic changes for the local system of transnational dealings should take place from the implication of the main factors and procedures, which formed the post-soviet space design in the pull through decade. The first amongst these is the procedure of state and nation-structuring in the Afresh Independent States. Fresh political leaders in the previous Soviet states had a particular image of their state-projects which, as a law, protected Euro-Atlantic ambitions and, in reality, free relations with Russia as well collaboration in the post-Soviet region from the list of primaries in their foreign form _or_ system of government schedules. Secondly, these objectives, along with the fluctuations in Europe and its boundary, stemmed in the participation of outside troupes in the post-soviet district - US, EU, NATO, and the Western European countries, and, some local actors, i.e. Poland, Turkey, China etc.

HOW DOES INTERPROFESSIONAL WORKING IMPACT ON PROFESSIONAL Essay

HOW DOES INTERPROFESSIONAL on the job(p) IMPACT ON PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY IN THE CLINICAL SETTING - Essay subjectThe patient will be referred to as Mr. X to maintain confidentiality as stated in the treat and midwifery code of professional conduct (2007). The authors interest in Mr. X is establish on his clinical experience and reflection of his involvement in the delivery of his care. The positive and negative aspects of inter-professional aggroup will be discussed. Also, the author will use appropriate literature to examine how responsibility and right can be enhanced through inter-professional working(a).According to Alan (2007), Inter-professional working is defined as a chequer where a number of professionals with different qualifications come together to meet a particular target. Some of their characteristics implicate direct service delivery, good professional relationship, collaboration and communal trust. Further, Matrix and Weeds (2007) desc ribe Inter-professional working as a group of professionals with complementary skills, who are committed to a common purpose and hold themselves mutually accountable for its achievement. Inter-professional working includes collaborative practice, multi-professional working and team working. This is supported by Mickan and Rodger, (2000a) who describe teamwork as shared and agreed responsibilities, decision making and problem solving. The members of an inter-professional team communicate effectively in pitch to provide quality patient care.According to Braine (2006), clinical governance should be viewed as an opportunity to cleanse care delivery in the aftermath of some highly publicised failures in the NHS in the 1990s. The close to storied of these was the Bristol Royal Infirmary Inquiry (2001) which accounts for 23 deaths of cardiac surgical paediatric patients. Other notable cases were the Royal Liverpool Childrens Inquiry (Alder Hey Inquiry), the case of the GP Harold Shipma n (Smith 2005), and the trial of the nurse Beverly Allitt in 1993

Nursing Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nursing - Term Paper ExampleThis particular objective is affectional in nature. The reason for this is that it involves an emotional assessment of the acquired familiarity. It is a vertical growth from the cognitive stage (Read 1997).The three objective was to devise appropriate alternative learning activities. This objective is psychomotor in terms of area because it a practical use of related knowledge. It marks a kind of physical process in the conceptualization process where acquired knowledge is processes into applied forms of knowledge.The fourth objective for this course was to develop a theoretically based justification for the alternative learning activity you suggest. This objective is also psychomotor in the aesthesis in which it involves the practical conversion of the primary knowledge into its respective derivatives. This stage bridges the process of knowledge into all possible forms and by so doing creates more room for the expansion for the general body of knowle dge. The dissimilar forms through which the primary knowledge is expressed thusly become the fresh thesis from which further advances top executive be made in the generation of knowledge.The cognitive domain as represented in the start-off objective can be characterized according to all the six levels of the cognitive domain. Knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis and evaluation. The environment and the article of belief aids that make up the learning environment are quite conducive for these levels (OConnor 2006). The electronic ocular equipments such as the power point projector and the computer systems together with the controls of light and temperature are significant factors that secure the six levels in the cognitive domain.The domain of the second objective is affective. The set up in the fill environment satisfies the level of receiving, responding, valuing, and organizing. The study area has tools for auditory effects and is amply supplied with to ols to measure and evaluate. This means therefore that

Anxiety Among Alcoholics and Non-Alcoholics Essay Example for Free

Anxiety Among Alcoholics and Non-Alcoholics Essay gipAlcohol is one of the most widely hired drug substances in the world. For m every people, drinking dry bev timege is nonhing more than a pleasant way to relax. People with intoxicant use disorders, however, drink to excess, endangering both themselves and some opposites. In the mental health argona intoxicantism is caused mostly by falloff, care and stress, on the other hand it also champions to falloff and stress. The set out subject field aims to par embossment and anxiety among soaking drinkics and non- alcoholics. It was assumed that depression and anxiety may be the risk factors for alcoholism. A sample of 100 people (50 alcoholics and 50 non-alcoholics) was willy-nilly selected from Delhi. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were used to collect data on depression and anxiety. t-test was administered to compare two groups. The result of the study showed that alcoholic group was lofty schooler on depression as salubrious as anxiety than the non alcoholic group, and it was also found that there is no clear cut unremarkable relationship among alcoholism and depression and anxiety.Alcoholism is perhaps most sinewyly associated with antisocial character disorder and drug debauch, but its relationship to other forms of psychopathology has become increasingly evident. In particular, investigations of alcoholic samples indicate a strong co-occurrence of alcoholism with diverse form of anxiety and depressive disorder (Barbor et al, 1992 Chambless et al, 1987 Hasegawa 1991 keller 1994 Nunes, Quitkin Berman, 1988 Penick, 1994 Schuckit, Irwin Brown, 1990). ______________________________________________________________________ * buster professor, Deptt. Of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh **Research scholar, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh.According to Nijhawan (1972) Anxiety, one of the most pervasive psychological phenomenons of the mod ern era refers to a persistent distressing psychological state arising from an inner conflict. Depression can be defined as a state of mind, or more specifically, a mental disorder, characterized by labored of the individuals vitality, his mood, his desires, hopes, aspirations and of his self-esteem. It may range from no more than a mild feeling of fatigue and sadness to the most profound state of apathy with complete, psychotic disregard for reality. (Mendelssohn, 1963). Alcoholism can lead people into serious trouble, and can be physically and mentally destructive.Currently alcohol use is pertain in half of all crimes, murders, accidental deaths, and suicides. There are also many health problems associated with alcohol use such as brain damage, cancer, heart disease, diseases of the liver, depression anxiety and other mental disorders. Results from club surveys and epidemiologic samples indicate that substantial comorbidity also exists for depression, anxiety and alcoholism in the general population (Regier et al, 1990 Helzer Pryzbeck, 1988 Kendler et al, 1995). The high co-occurrence of these syndromes, therefore, represents a significant clinical and public health issue that is likely to affect a substantial proportion of the general population.Although the comorbidity of alcoholism with anxiety and depressive disorders has been extensively papersed in both clinical and epidemiologic investigations, the specific mechanisms underlying these experiences remain a source of debate. One widely accepted guesswork is that these forms of comorbidity reflect a causal relationship of alcoholism with anxiety and depression. Support for a causal association is based partly on observations that alcohol is commonly used to self- medicate tokens of negative affect, and so, alcoholism oftentimes develops as a secondary diagnosing to anxiety and depression (Meyer Kranzler,1990 Hesselbrock, Meyer Keener,1985 Lader,1972 Merikangas et al,1985).The 18-month follow- up of participants of the Psychiatric Morbidity among Adults alert in Private Households, 2000 survey (Singleton Lewis, 2003) provides an opportunity to determine whether excessive alcohol employment and abnormal patterns of use are risk factors for incident anxiety and depression in the general population. The study also examined the revert relationship, considering whether anxiety and depression are risk factors for the development of abnormal patterns of alcohol consumption.However, evidence for a causal relationship is not unidirectional as alcoholism is often observed as a primary election disorder, and the presence of problem drinking itself may generate severe anxiety or depressive syndromes (Mendelson Mello, 1979, Nathan, OBrien Lowenstein, 1971 Schuckit, Irwin Smith, 1994 Stockwell, Hodgson Rankin, 1982). Heavy alcohol consumption has been implicated in the development of anxiety and depression (Schuckit, 1983). Many cross-sectional studies become determine consi derable comorbidity between anxiety and depression, and alcohol aversion. For example, data from four large community based epidemiological studies (n422 000) in Europe and the USA consistently submitd a two- to threefold increase in the spirit prevalence of anxiety and depression in those with DSMIII or DSMIIIR alcohol abuse or addiction (Swendsen et al, 1998).If anxiety disorders and alcoholism are free-and-easyly related, there should be a high rate of alcoholism among patients be treated for anxiety disorders. Two studies (Torgersen, 1986 Cloninger et al, 1981) of the prevalence of alcoholism in patients being treated for anxiety psychoneurosis were identified. These investigations suggest a lifetime population prevalence of alcohol abuse/dependence of approximately 14%.The survey of the relevant literature made it quite obvious that much of the studies show a prevalence of depression and anxiety among alcoholics. However, previous studies have also pointed forbidden th e disaster of alcoholism as risk factors for depression and anxiety. At the equivalent time, literature does not provide any clear cut direction towards the casual relationship between alcoholism and depression and anxiety. Thus, despite the strong association of alcoholism with anxiety and depressive disorders, no universal consensus has been reached regarding the specific mechanisms underlying these associations. The present study aims to commit depression and anxiety among alcoholic and non-alcoholic peoples. MethodSample sample of the present study consisted of 100 subjects (50 alcoholics and 50 non alcoholics). The alcoholics were identified through survey from different living areas (including rural, urban and semi-urban) of Delhi and 50 alcoholics were randomly selected for the study. In the same way the non-alcoholic subjects were also selected randomly from different parts of Delhi. The age range of the subjects was between 25 to 50 years.ToolsBeck Depression Inventory B DI -2nd was designed by Beck, send Brown (1996). This self report scale has shown to document take aims of depression. BDI -2nd edition contains 21 items, each answer being scored on a scale value of 0 to 3. The cut offs used are 0-13 Minimal depression 14-19 Mild depression 20-28 Moderate depression and 29-63 serious Depression. Higher primitive scorer indicates more severe depression symptoms.Beck Anxiety Inventory was designed Beck, Epstein, Brown, Steer (1988). This self report scale has shown to document levels of Anxiety symptoms in a valid and consistent manner. BAI contains 21 items each answer being scored on a scale value of 0 to 3. Each symptom item has four possible answer choices not at all (assigned value =o) Mildly (it did not bother me much) (assigned value=1) Moderately (it was unpleasant but I could stand it) (assigned value =2) and Severely (I could save stand it) (assigned value =3). The values for each item are summed together to yield an overall or score for all 21 symptoms that can range between 0 and 63 points. A total score of 0-7 is interpreted as a minimal level of Anxiety, 8-15 as mild, 16-25 as yield and 26-63 as severe. The BAI is psychometrically sound. Interval consistency =.92 to.94, for adults and test-retest (one week interval) reliability is .75.Procedure The test for depression and anxiety were administered on the subjects individually after establishing the rapport with them. Each and every item was explained to the subject, and then he was asked to respond truly for the item. Thus data was collected for depression and anxiety from alcoholic and non-alcoholic people. t-test was applied to find out the significance of struggle between the Mean rack up of different groups.ResultsTABLE-1Showing comparison of Mean for depression and anxiety scores between the alcoholics and non-alcoholics Variables Groups N Mean Std.deviation t df P depression Alcoholic nonalcoholic 50 50 35.7600 17.1000 10.17913 6.15530 11.092 98 . 01* Anxiety Alcoholicnonalcoholic 50 50 38.0800 18.3200 11.55261 6.18570 10.662 98 .01**Significant at .01 level of confidenceTABLE-1 further shows the results obtained by the comparison of alcoholics and non alcoholic group for depression and anxiety. The obtained results show that the mean depression score (M=35.7600) for alcoholic people is higher than the mean depression score (M=17.1000) for non alcoholic people, and the difference between the two means (t=11.092) is statistically significant at .01 level of confidence. Consequently it reveals the findings that alcoholic people have higher depression than the non-alcoholics.The TABLE-1 also shows the results of the comparison of alcoholic and non-alcoholic people on anxiety. The mean anxiety scores (M=38.0800) of alcoholics is found very much higher than the mean anxiety scores (M=18.3200) of the non-alcoholics and the two means difference (t=10.662) is statistically significant at .01 level of confidence. It indicates that alc oholic people have higher anxiety than the non-alcoholic people. preachingThe basis of the above results may safely be concluded that the alcoholics are highly depressed and passing anxious than the non-alcoholic people. However, the high prevalence of these anxiety and depressives symptoms does not necessarily mean that these alcoholic individuals will demonstrate the long term course or require the long term treatments associated with DSM-III-R major depressive and anxiety disorders. The lay nature of the association between Depression Anxiety and alcohol is difficult to determine from studies, which uncertainty arising as to whether alcohol is a risk factor or a form of self medication. The finding of the present study support the findings of Hartka et al, (1991) that reported a significant correlation between baseline consumption of alcohol and depression at follow-up based on data from eight longitudinal studies. However, in this analytic thinking control of confounders was limited to age, gender and interval between measurements.Overall, our findings are contradictory with those of Wang Patten (2001) who observed no excess morbidity among those who drank daily, those who drank in binges (more than five drinks), those who had more than one drink daily, and among drinkers in general. Alcohol dependence was not considered. Similarly, in a randomly selected community cohort with follow-up at 3 and 7 years, Moscato et al (1997) found no excess incidence of depressive symptoms among those with alcohol problems (defined as a DSMIV diagnosis of alcohol dependence or abuse or drinking more than five drinks a daytime on one or more occasions per week).It may safely be concluded on the bases of previous literature and result of the present study that there is no clear cut casual relationship between depressive and anxiety disorder and alcoholism. In the similar way our findings of the study show that the alcoholics are more depressive and anxious than the non alcoholics. Though it does not show any clear cut picture either alcohol is risk factor for depression and anxiety or depression and anxiety is a risk factor for alcoholism.ReferencesBabor, T., Wolfson, A., Boivin, D., Radouco-Thomas, S., Clark, W. (1992). 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New York, Raven Press,Hartka, E., Johnstone, B., Leino,V. (1991). A meta-analysis of depressive symptomatology and alcohol consumption over time. British Journal of Addiction 86 1283-1298.Hasegawa, K., Mukasa, H., Nakazawa, Y., HK., Nakamura, K. (1991). basal and secondary depression in alcoholism-clinical features and family history. Drug Alcohol Depend 27275-281.Helzer, J., Pryzbeck, T. (1988). The co-occurrence of alcoholism with other psychiatric disorders in the general population and its impact on treatment. J Stud Alcohol 49219-224.Hesselbrock, M., Meyer, R., Keener, J. (1985). Psychopathology in hospitalized alcoholics. Arch Gen psychiatry 421050- 1055.Keller, M. (1994). Dysthymia in clinical practice Course, upshot and impact on the community. Acta Psychiatr Scand 383(Suppl)24-34.Kendler, K., Waiters, E., Neale, M., Kessler, R., Heath, A., Eaves, L. The structure of the genetic and environmental risk factors for six major psychiatric disorders in women. 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Operant studies of chronic alcoholism Interaction of alcohol and alcoholics. In Roach, P., Mclssac, W., Creaven, P. (eds) Biological Aspects of Alcohol. Austin, TX University of Texas Press.Nijhawan, H. K. (1972). Anxiety in school children. New Delhi Wiley Eastern Private Limited.Nunes, E., Quitkin, F., Berman, C. (1988). Panic disorder and depression in female alcoholics. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 49441- 443.Penick, E., Powell, B., Nickel, E., Bingham, S., Riesenmy, K., Read, M. (1994). Comorbidity of lifetime psychiatric disorder among male alcoholic patients. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 181289-1293.Regier, D., Farmer, M., Rae, D., Locke, B., Keith, S., Judd, L. (1990).Comorbidity of mental disorders with alcohol and other drug abuse Results from the Epidemiologic Catchment knowledge base (ECA) study. JAMA 2642511-2518.Schuckit, M. (1983). Alcoh olic patients with secondary depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 140 711-714.Schuckit, M., Hesselbrock, V. (1994). 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Oliver Twist Essay Example for Free

Oliver profane EssayOliver Twist was novel written by Charles Dickens that had been brought to the big screen. It is or so a young orphan boy named Oliver who only tries to stay good in a club of the upper class that refuses to help the people under them. Oliver gets sent into a workhouse once he modus operandis nightclub and soon finds himself in a gang of pickpockets that work for a man named Fagin. At each turn he is threatened by constituents that reckon their deliberate cruelty and lack of compassion to be the highest expressions of charity. They bide to insist that things for Oliver will end up working out in the end.Class and society is wizard of the main themes in the look at of Oliver Twist. The superficialness of class structures emphasize that each individual is the same regardless of their neighborly class into which they were born. But most of the scenes uncover the fact that the Victorian society was cruel and unsympathetic towards the curt because they were so self-absorbed. The Victorian society also firmly believed that the systems taking care of the poor were the most charitable systems possible therefore, leaving nothing for them to help out with.Another theme in the film of Oliver Twist is poverty. The theme is closely related to the theme of class. But as that theme is concerned with showing how the friendly class system is just invented by society to justify the existing state of affairs. We can put on in this film just how miserable the lower classes really were due to the desperateness of stealing. Oliver Twist, doesnt shy remote from representing the terrible conditions of the poor in all their misery with gritty realism.Lastly, fate and free will is another(prenominal) theme in the film of Oliver Twist. The records Oliver, Mr. Brownlow and the Maylies are liberated and live happily ever after at the end while the other characters arent able to escape the complications that the city, their social class, and the sys tems of justice come along to squander created towards the people. Certain characters seem to give up their free will at certain points to abandon themselves in the inevitable. Throughout the movie we try to figure out how much free will each character has. We also question how each character is trapped in the systems of social class and if they will be able to make their own choices in the end.One of the strengths of this film is the inspiring character of Oliver Twist. He continues to believe in his faith in God throughout the entire film, no matter what complicated daub he was going through. Oliver also always believed that the best would come out of everything that was happening and possessed a sincere sorrow at the choices made by some of the other characters in the movie. Olivers character was brought to life through depth and the continuation of his faith in God.The only weakness of this film I would say is probably be the length of it. If you dont know where the story is going, it can seem to go on for a while for someone who is being introduced to Oliver Twist. But if you look back at the history of movies, many of the best films are quite long. This statement is proven because at the end of the film Oliver gains strength in himself and ends up with a family of his own and surrounded by caring and loving people.In conclusion, Oliver Twist was worth watching because it truly captures a realistic Victorian era of the slums in capital of the United Kingdom with the gloomy workhouses and the upper class residents who show no interest in caring for the poor. I was definitely surprised by the realism in this movie and how it shows the many faces that evil has. I also perspective that the film gave an immense impression of Olivers determination to follow what he knows to be right. Although I shake not read the novel that this film was based on, I have a good actor to believe that the film most likely did the story justice.